International Journal of Comparative Psychology

This work compares object replacement and object presentation as causes of avoidance (new object reaction or neophobia). The movements of wild black rats, Rattus rattus , living in an automated plus maze were recorded (1) after replacing a familiar object (in a familiar place) with a series of novel objects, (2) after presenting a novel object in a familiar place where there had been no object. Replacing one object by another did not delay entry to the maze arm containing it. In contrast, the presence of a new object in a previously empty arm did increase the latency of the first approach (new object reaction), although after the first entry, the rate of visiting the arms and the time spent in them, which are measures of subsequent approach, were unaffected. Hence, this form of neophobic behavior was evoked only by the presence of a new object where none had been before. Differences with earlier reports can be resolved in most cases when attention is paid to the difference between presentation and replacement.