UC Riverside

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have significantly advanced biosensor technology. Their unique properties enable highly sensitive and specific biomolecule detection, streamlining diagnostics and environmental monitoring with their rapid and efficient capabilities. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the development and optimization of flexible optoelectronic biosensors using 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) for the rapid selective detection of biomolecules. Through a series of experimental studies, we explored innovative strategies that leverage the unique photoresponse characteristics of MoS2 and the electrical conductivity of graphene to enhance biosensor performance. In the first part of our study, we introduced a MoS2-based optoelectronic biosensor that demonstrates significantly improved sensitivity and selectivity under photonic excitation. Following this, we extend this approach by integrating MoS2 with graphene electrodes to address conductivity limitations, resulting in a hybrid optoelectronic biosensor with superior sensitivity. Our research further advanced by examining vertical heterostructures of MoS2 and graphene, presenting two configurations that optimize biomolecule sensing capabilities. Our findings reveal that biofunctionalized MoS2 platforms and MoS2 and graphene heterostructures Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) achieve high sensitivity and specificity, significantly advancing biosensor technology. These innovations offer fresh perspectives and methods to boost biosensor performance, paving the way for health and environmental breakthroughs.